Heh, im looking at all of your theories and im cracking up. However, I am well educated in starcraft-lore. I read up on the history and everything of nearly every game I play, that I like. So here goes my explanations on how the Protoss work.
The Protoss brain is very similar to the Human brain. However, there is on major diffrence, and that is a bigger and Elongated cerebellum. This Psycic ability is how the Protoss create shields and sustain it, as well as creating dangerous weapons. Only a small group of Protoss with extreme mental abilitys can create these items without slight technological aid.
Quick note before I move onto communication. Those who are seriously injured and decide to be put into Dragoons must be in the military no matter what. If they choose they no longer wish to fight, the Dragoon life support system will be cut off, and they die or as the Protoss like to say it, join with their ancestors in the Khala. A little sad.
Protoss are natural mind readers, but are natural thought releasers. They must learn how to block out other's emotions, and how to filter out what emotions and thoughts escape their mind. They speak to other protoss telepathically, in a language known as "Khalani".
Terran who pick this up would only here random symbols. However, some protoss, like Fenix, are able to turn this into understandable form for the Terran. Before each protoss map, you are hearing them communicate through "Khalani", but it is converted to English for you by Blizzard.

Protoss also have the ability to mind-meld, exactly the same way as the Vulcans/Romulans from Star Trek. Non-psychic communication is currently being researched by the protoss, and some of the prototypes of that research appears on the zealots, who have an implemented machine to act as vocal cords.
Protoss sleep and dream the same way as humans do. There bodys take this time to repair. Also, the brain becomes rested, for constant strain from using weapons and shields does lead to fatigue.
Protoss hear and smell through there skin. They primarily use sight, however they have a very sharp sense of smell. The get there energy from the sun, but unlike humans who need to feed frequently, the Protoss can survive a decent period of time before feeling the effects. The protoss skin is made out of small scales, and the skin color changes to reflect emotions.
Who thinks you have ever killed a zealot,dark templar, or normal templar in Starcraft? well, none of you have ever done so, because they do not have the ability to die in starcraft. You can see that there death animation is a some swirling energy. Well, protoss armor is equipped with a portal device. Upon serious injury in battle, the armor activates, and teleports the protoss troop to a medical bay. There, they can choose to be put in a dragoon and forced into military service, or to die. Great choice.
Now lastly, the awaited question of how protoss reproduce. They produce in almost the same way as humans do. The females have the similar organs as the human females. However, the protoss males, do not have the external organs, and all of there organs are internal as well. After a one year gestation they give birth.
The children grow up at about the same speed as human children. However, a protoss life-expectancy is 1000 years. The oldest humans, would be considered a young man or young lady (teenager) to them.
A slight protoss religous lesson. The Protoss currently have 3 main religious figures.
Khas- Khas used the Khaydarin Crystals to end a war between diffrent protoss clans, and the religion that came from him is the dominant religion of the Protoss.
Adun- He is one figure who is acknowledged by both the Dark Templars, and Khas's religion. He was ordered to kill rogue Protoss clan's. However, he could not bring himself to kill his own people, so he attempted to hide them. In the end though, he failed, and the majority of those clans were executed.
Tassadar- after his heroic and climactic sacrifice to defeat the first overmind, he became a major part of the Protoss Society and religion. Tassadar is an example of the protoss Virtues, and the saying was adopted "En Taro Tassadar"
So, that will end my small lesson. Any other questions? I think I covered it all... *cough* rep *cough*.

hehe, sorry I think I have somthing in my throat.
~Asomath
"World Editor Trainee